Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42010999›Full record

ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2026

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Translation of the Modified Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (mSQUASH) Into Korean for Use in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis.

Ji-Hyoun Kang, Hyun Yi Kook, Ah-Ra Choi, Nah Ihm Kim, Min-Joo Ahn, Seyeong Kim, Ahin Jeong, Seung Cheol Shim, Tae-Hwan Kim, Suzanne Arends and 1 more

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ji-Hyoun Kang *Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1113-2001
Hyun Yi Kook *Department of Nursing, Nambu University, Gwangju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7239-6380
Ah-Ra ChoiDepartment of Nursing, Nambu University, Gwangju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8154-7857
Nah Ihm KimDepartment of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-8549
Min-Joo AhnKAIST Clinic, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2778-0735
Seyeong KimDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6075-2697
Ahin JeongDepartment of Statistics, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5879-3632
Seung Cheol ShimDivision of Rheumatology, Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3199-359X
Tae-Hwan KimDepartment of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-2276
Suzanne ArendsDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-7640
Tae-Jong KimDepartment of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea. ktj1562@jnu.ac.kr.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-1635

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the modified Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (mSQUASH) into Korean for use in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

methodsThe mSQUASH was translated into Korean and subsequently back-translated into English by two independent translators per phase. An expert committee, comprising translators, two patients, and the research team, reviewed and refined the translation to produce a pre-final version. A field test, including cognitive debriefing interviews, was conducted with 30 patients diagnosed with axSpA. Their feedback was used to finalize the Korean version of the mSQUASH.

resultsThe translation process was smooth, with minor discrepancies resolved through expert consensus. Cognitive debriefing confirmed that the questionnaire items were clear, relevant, and easy to understand and complete. No essential aspects of physical activity were reported as missing. However, participants suggested modifying certain sport examples to better reflect Korean cultural practices.

conclusionThe final Korean version of the mSQUASH demonstrated both linguistic accuracy and cultural appropriateness, supporting its suitability for use in clinical practice and research involving Korean patients with axSpA.

Indexed as

Axial SpondyloarthritisExerciseAdultCross-Cultural ComparisonFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRepublic of KoreaSurveys and QuestionnairesTranslatingTranslationsAxial SpondyloarthritisCross-Cultural AdaptationmSQUASHTranslation

Identifiers

PMID42010999
PMCPMC13121028

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.