Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42010888›Full record

ArticleExperimental physiology2026

Effect of repeated hot water immersion on muscle strength, power, function and physical activity in healthy older adults: A randomised crossover trial.

Daniel D Piccolo, Jo Corbett, Timothy A Exell, Joseph M Moore, Amy Wright, Mohammad G A Alnajjar, Luke C Hudson, Poppy A Marsh, Veronika Praskacova, Melitta A McNarry and 3 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05618197 (The Effects of Chronic Passive Heating on Vascular Function, Cognitive Function, Muscle Function and Heat Shock Protein Responses in Middle-aged to Older Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05618197 nacompletednot on this map

The Effects of Chronic Passive Heating on Vascular Function, Cognitive Function, Muscle Function and Heat Shock Protein Responses in Middle-aged to Older Adults: A Randomised, Controlled Crossover Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of PortsmouthRan2023 to 2025Enrolled19ConditionsAgingArmsPassive heating
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Daniel D PiccoloClinical, Health and Rehabilitation Team, Centre for Integrated Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Jo CorbettExtreme Environments and Occupational Performance Group, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Timothy A ExellClinical, Health and Rehabilitation Team, Centre for Integrated Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Joseph M MooreClinical, Health and Rehabilitation Team, Centre for Integrated Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Amy WrightClinical, Health and Rehabilitation Team, Centre for Integrated Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Mohammad G A AlnajjarClinical, Health and Rehabilitation Team, Centre for Integrated Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Luke C HudsonExtreme Environments and Occupational Performance Group, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Poppy A MarshClinical, Health and Rehabilitation Team, Centre for Integrated Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Veronika PraskacovaClinical, Health and Rehabilitation Team, Centre for Integrated Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Melitta A McNarryApplied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Kelly A MackintoshApplied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Zoe L SaynorSchool of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Anthony I ShepherdClinical, Health and Rehabilitation Team, Centre for Integrated Health and Wellbeing, School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.

Funding

Ceperich Educational TrustSPATEX and the British and Irish Spa and Hot Tub Association 00229288
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ageing leads to an increased prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty, characterised by progressive declines in muscle strength, power and function and reduced physical activity. Hot water immersion (HWI) could potentially improve muscle function, but this is yet to be explored in older adults. Twelve middle-aged to older adults completed a randomised, controlled, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05618197), undergoing assessments before and after a 6-week HWI intervention (two to three 60-min HWIs per week) or control condition with a 6-week washout between study arms. During HWIs, body position was adjusted to maintain rectal temperature at 38.5-39.0°C. Pre- and post-intervention and control measurements of peripheral muscle strength (isokinetic and handgrip dynamometry), lower body power and functional performance (Short Physical Performance Battery consisting of balance, walking and sit to stand tests with motion and external force capture) and physical activity (accelerometry) were taken. Repeated HWI had no effect on the primary outcome peak quadriceps torque (P = 0.127, η

Indexed as

ageinggrip strengthlower body kineticslower extremity functionpassive heating

Identifiers

PMID42010888
PMCPMC13394112

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.