Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42010400›Full record

ArticleBMC microbiology2026

Altered microbial cargo in fecal microbiome-derived outer membrane vesicles as novel biomarkers for vascular dementia.

Xin Li, Wei Wei, Shouchao Wei, Wenwei Xu, Lang Mo, Junjun Wang, He Zhu, Zhou Liu, Fengri Jin

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xin LiZhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
Wei WeiMedical Center, Gaomi People's Hospital, Zhenfu Street, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Shouchao WeiThe Third Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
Wenwei XuOffice of Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
Lang MoThe Third Department of Neurology, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
Junjun WangDepartment of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Renmindadao Street, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
He ZhuZhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
Zhou LiuInstitute of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
Fengri JinZhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Yuanzhu Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China. fengri2021@163.com.

Funding

the Doctoral Research Startup Project of Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang 2022A10the Doctoral Research Startup Project of Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang 2022A14the Doctoral Research Startup Project of Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang 2022A21the Doctoral Research Startup Project of Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang 2022A22the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province 2022A1515010749Weifang Municipal Health Commission Scientific Research Project 2021X091662Zhanjiang City Science and Technology Plan Project 2024B01238
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aims to analyze the composition, diversity, and metabolic functions of fecal microbiome (FM)-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in patients with vascular dementia (VaD), to identify potential biomarkers for VaD diagnosis.

methodsFM-derived OMVs were isolated from 29 VaD patients and 28 matched controls via ultracentrifugation and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. PKH26-labeled OMVs were used for in vivo tracking in mouse brains. Microbial composition was profiled by 16 S rRNA sequencing, combined with diversity analysis and machine learning.

resultsVaD-OMVs were widely distributed in multiple cognitive function-related regions of mouse brains. The VaD group showed a decreased Chao1 index and increased coverage. β-diversity (PCoA/PLS-DA) revealed significant structural differences. Conditional pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter) were enriched, while beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium) were reduced. Correlation analysis indicated promoting effects of Pseudomonadaceae and inhibitory effects of Faecalibacterium. Metabolic pathways including amino acid, carbohydrate, and nucleotide metabolism were enriched. A random forest model achieved an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59–0.88) in classifying VaD.

conclusionVaD is associated with distinct OMV microbial and functional profiles. OMV-based biomarkers show potential for VaD diagnosis.

Indexed as

BacteriaBacterial Outer MembraneDementia, VascularFecesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeAgedAnimalsBiomarkersBrainFemaleHumansMaleMiceRNA, Ribosomal, 16SBiomarkersRNA, Ribosomal, 16SFecal microbiomeHigh-throughput sequencingMachine learningOuter membrane vesiclesVascular dementia

Identifiers

PMID42010400
PMCPMC13235108

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.