ReviewJournal of robotic surgery2026
The Hidden Cost of Precision: Financial, Training, and Environmental Trade-Offs in Robotic HPB Surgery.
Review in Journal of robotic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Robotic surgery has redefined hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) practice, delivering enhanced precision and promising improved patient outcomes. Yet these benefits come with hidden costs, which are crucial in shaping adoption, equitable access, and hospital workforce capacity. This narrative review examines these hidden costs across three domains: financial, training, and environmental. From a financial perspective, we assess procedural cost structures, capital investment, market dynamics, reimbursement, and opportunity costs. In terms of training, we explore learning curves, their consequences, and the structural training limitations hindering skill diffusion. On the environmental front, we evaluate the ecological impact of robotic surgery and the importance of comprehensive life-cycle analyses. In addition, the review highlights areas that warrant further research and explores strategies to address the identified hidden costs. Collectively, the findings underscore the need to evaluate robotic HPB surgery not only for clinical outcomes, but also for its broader system-level implications to ensure equitable, sustainable, and economically prudent adoption.
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Registered trials
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