ArticleScientific reports2026
Chitosan/reduced graphene oxide/papain nanocomposite: a bioactive platform for skincare and biomedical applications.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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2 authors.
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Abstract
This work introduces a bioactive chitosan-based nanocomposite incorporating reduced graphene oxide and papain (CS/rGO/Pa), designed for wound healing and cosmetic facial mask applications. The nanocomposite was fabricated via ionic gelation and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Differential Light Scattering (DLS). Subsequently, the porosity, swelling, degradation of CS/rGO/Pa and papain release/activity was evaluated. In vitro assays assessed its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and proliferation properties. The results of FTIR, XRD, SEM and DLS indicated that the nanoparticles were synthesized correctly with an approximately spherical morphology, an average size of around 100 nm, a hydrodynamic diameter of 553 nm, and zeta potential of - 2.97 mV. The results showed that adsorption of papain on CS/rGO decreased papain activity from 7.3 to 0.57 U/mg which can be favorable for wounded epithelial tissues and skin care applications, requiring low and sustained enzymatic action. The release rate results indicated a higher release rate in a basic environment (pH 8.4), and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model for the release of papain. The results of CS/rGO/Pa properties indicated proper porosity, swelling and degradation, with 93% anti-inflammatory, 20% anti-oxidant activity, high anti-bacterial effect, and cell growth up to 7.91-fold for 7 days. In conclusion, the outcomes represented that the CS/rGO/Pa nanocomposite can be a favorable and effective material for using in skincare and biomedical applications.
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