Time-series analysis of the incidence trend of heat stress-related disorders in a hot and humid climate in a process industry.

Sayed Vahid Esmaeili, Ali Alboghobeish, Vafa Feyzi, Zahra Heidari, Somayeh Farhang Dehghan

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sayed Vahid EsmaeiliStudent Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-6242

Ali AlboghobeishStudent Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-427X

Vafa FeyziStudent Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran.

Zahra HeidariDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, School of Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Somayeh Farhang DehghanEnvironmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. somayeh.farhang@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6607-6396

Funding

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 43010004

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Global warming is escalating occupational health risks worldwide, with outdoor workers in hot and humid regions facing disproportionate exposure to extreme heat. In such climates, the synergistic effects of high temperature and humidity critically impair thermoregulation, increasing susceptibility to heat stress-related disorders (HSRDs) a growing concern in low- and middle-income countries where adaptive capacity is limited. This study analyzed the six-year trend (2018-2023) in the HSRDs among outdoor workers in a hot, humid petrochemical industry in southern Iran. This retrospective longitudinal study collected health data on HSRDs alongside concurrent Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index values. Additive time-series decomposition was used to analyze trends. Analyses were conducted using R and SPSS (p < 0.05). The mean WBGT index showed a significant, consistent increasing trend over the 6-year period (from 27.73 to 29.75 °C, p < 0.001). Exposure for site workers was highest, and summer critical (Sweltering) heat stress levels increased markedly from near zero to approximately 55% of the recorded time. General heat-related disorders showed the strongest association with elevated WBGT. A major challenge was identified in predictive modeling: only the model for general heat-related disorders showed relative accuracy (R

Indexed as

Heat Stress DisordersHot TemperatureOccupational DiseasesOccupational ExposureWorking ConditionsClimateHumansHumidityIncidenceIranLongitudinal StudiesRetrospective StudiesSeasonsEnvironmental monitoringExtreme heatGlobal warmingOccupational healthPetrochemical workers

Identifiers

PMID42009745

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-49050-9

PMCPMC13265744

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.