ArticleScientific reports2026
Spatial modeling of Borrelia genospecies in human-biting ticks from the French citizen science programme CiTIQUE.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In Europe, Lyme borreliosis is the most common vector-borne human disease, mainly caused by Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii, two species of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) complex transmitted by Ixodes ricinus. Assessing the spatial risk of human exposure to these pathogens is essential for efficient public health surveillance, yet conventional monitoring often fails to produce geographically explicit, large-scale data capturing exposure heterogeneity and its drivers. Focusing on continental France, we used data from the CiTIQUE citizen science programme to analyse spatial variation of Bbsl infection in georeferenced human-biting ticks and to model its associations with environmental, ecological, and anthropogenic factors. From 2017 to 2019, 1,891 ticks were analysed, with 15% testing positive for Bbsl. The most prevalent genospecies were B. afzelii (7.2%) and B. garinii (4.2%), showing distinct spatial patterns. I. ricinus habitat suitability was the most consistent predictor of Bbsl infection probability. Genospecies-specific models highlighted host influences: B. afzelii occurrence increased with rodent species richness, whereas B. garinii was associated with Turdidae species and showed possible dilution effect by rodents. Our findings demonstrate the value of citizen science in complementing surveillance and provide large-scale, spatially explicit insights into Bbsl eco-epidemiology in France, offering an adaptable framework for vector-borne disease monitoring.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.