Observational studyBMJ open2026
Heart rate trends in healthy newborns ≥35+0 weeks' gestation after caesarean delivery with extrauterine placental transfusion and physiology-based cord clamping: a Norwegian observational study (INTACT-3).
Observational study in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo describe the normal heart rate (HR) of healthy newborns ≥35+0 weeks' gestation in the first 10 min after caesarean delivery (CD) with extrauterine placental transfusion, using dry-electrode ECG (NeoBeat).
designSingle-centre, prospective observational study.
settingNorwegian County Hospital. PATIENTS: Newborns ≥35+0 weeks' gestation delivered by CD under regional anaesthesia were eligible for inclusion. Newborns delivered by CD under general anaesthesia, or who needed medical intervention, were excluded.
interventionsNeoBeat was attached to the newborn's chest immediately following delivery. The placenta was delivered without cord clamping after 60-90 s and transferred with the newborn to a resuscitation table. Modified physiology-based cord clamping (PBCC) was performed.
main outcome measuresHR was recorded every second for 10 min. HR quartiles were calculated. Events possibly influencing HR were annotated using Liveborn Observation App.
results89 newborns with a mean (SD) gestational age of 39+3 weeks (10 days) and birth weight of 3649 (536) g were included. Median (IQR) HR was 164 (117-176) and 169 (145-186) beats per minute at 20 s and 30 s, respectively, peaking at 169 (152-183) beats per minute at 4 min and then slowly decreasing to 157 (146-167) beats per minute at 10 min. HR was not significantly affected by intact-cord blood sampling (mean difference=5.4 (95% CI -1.4 to 12.1)), placental delivery (mean difference=0.7 (95% CI -3.5 to 4.9)) or cord clamping (mean difference =-0.6 (95% CI -2.1 to 0.9)).
conclusionsThis report describes, for the first time, HR quartiles for healthy newborns ≥35
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