Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42008810›Full record

Trial reportAnnals of internal medicine2026

Proximal Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the OSPREY Study : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Atul Malhotra, Alan R Schwartz, Eric Lovett, Nadine Juran, Shaun A Nguyen, Jose E Barrera, Richard K Bogan, Samuel A Mickelson, Haresh Boghara, Mitchell Miller and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Annals of internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04950894 (Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Targeted Hypoglossal Neurostimulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04950894 nacompletednot on this map

Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Targeted Hypoglossal Neurostimulation

TypeinterventionalSponsorLivaNovaRan2022 to 2025Enrolled107ConditionsObstructive Sleep Apnea, OSA, Apnea, Apnea, ObstructiveArmsHypoglossal Nerve Stimulation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Atul MalhotraPulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (A.M.).
Alan R SchwartzDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee (A.R.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-9222-3751
Eric LovettLivaNova PLC (or a subsidiary), London, United Kingdom (E.L., N.J.).
Nadine JuranLivaNova PLC (or a subsidiary), London, United Kingdom (E.L., N.J.).
Shaun A NguyenDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (S.A.N.).ORCID 0000-0003-0664-4571
Jose E BarreraUniformed Services University, Washington, DC (J.E.B.).ORCID 0000-0002-4817-3854
Richard K BoganUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Bogan Sleep Consultants, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina (R.K.B.).
Samuel A MickelsonAdvanced Ear Nose & Throat Associates PC, and Medical Director, Advanced Sleep Laboratories, Atlanta, Georgia (S.A.M.).
Haresh BogharaEpic Medical Research Network, Desoto, Texas (H.B.).
Mitchell MillerEar, Nose and Throat Associates, Clearwater, Florida (M.M.).
Ofer JacobowitzSleep Department, ENT and Allergy Associates, New York, New York (O.J.).ORCID 0000-0003-2290-0520
OSPREY Investigators

Funding

Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Important in the Development of Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG063925 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL · 2020 to 2024
$3.7M
Underlying mechanisms of obesity-induced obstructive sleep apneaR01HL148436 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Atul Malhotra · 2020 to 2026
$3.4M
Sleep Apnea Endophenotypes: One Size Does Not Fit AllR01HL154926 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL · 2021 to 2025
$3.3M
The cardiovascular consequences of sleep apnea plus COPD (Overlap syndrome)R01HL166485 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Atul Malhotra · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
VentNet: A Real-Time Multimodal Data Integration Model for Prediction of Respiratory Failure in Patients with COVID-19R01HL157985 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI MALHOTRA, ATUL, NEMATI, SHAMIM · 2022 to 2025
$2.9M
Developing a Diverse Next Generation of Leaders in Respiratory ScienceT32HL166127 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Laura Elise Crotty Alexander, Atul Malhotra · 2023 to 2026
$1.6M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL148436NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL154926NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL157985NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL166485NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL166127NIA NIH HHS R01 AG063925
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is used to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, evidence is limited for patients who cannot tolerate positive airway pressure therapy. Proximal HGNS (pHGNS) provides multicontact stimulation of proximal nerve portions, with easier electrode implantation than distal nerve stimulation.

objectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of pHGNS in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA.

design7-month randomized controlled trial followed by a 6-month open-label extension. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04950894).

setting23 U.S. health centers. PATIENTS: Adults aged 22 years or older with moderate-to-severe OSA.

interventionAll patients underwent implantation with pHGNS at baseline and were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to treatment or control. Therapy began at month 1 (treatment) or month 7 (control). MEASUREMENTS: Assessments included the proportion of patients achieving greater than 50% improvement from baseline in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and AHI below 20 events/h at month 7 (primary end point), improvements in oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and patient-reported outcomes (for example, Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]), and safety.

resultsThe 104 randomly assigned patients had a mean age of 55.6 years (SD, 9.0), body mass index of 30.6 kg/m LIMITATIONS: Lack of blinding, small sample size, and short follow-up.

conclusionpHGNS for OSA yielded clinically significant responses versus control at month 7, supporting pHGNS as a therapeutic option for OSA. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: LivaNova PLC.

Indexed as

Electric Stimulation TherapyHypoglossal NerveSleep Apnea, ObstructiveAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolysomnographyTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID42008810
PMCPMC13278853

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.