Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42008710›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Polychaete annelids from the earliest Cambrian Period.

Xiaofeng Xian, Huaqiao Zhang, Shuhai Xiao, Dieter Waloszek, Andreas Maas, Baichuan Duan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Polychaete annelids from the earliest Cambrian Period.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xiaofeng XianState Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
Huaqiao ZhangState Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1241-0088
Shuhai XiaoDepartment of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.ORCID 0000-0003-4655-2663
Dieter WaloszekDepartment of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany.
Andreas Maas25 Galgenackerweg, Blaustein 89134, Germany.
Baichuan DuanKey Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China.

Funding

MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 42172020NSF (NSF) DEB-2449384Strategic Priority Research Program, Chinese Academy of Sciences XDA0430202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unambiguous body fossils of annelids (ringed worms) first appear in the Cambrian Period but are so far known exclusively as flattened specimens preserved in Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätten. Here, we report phosphatized microfossils, interpreted as polychaete annelids, from a distinct taphonomic window (i.e., three-dimensional Orsten-type preservation) in the earliest Cambrian (early Fortunian Age, ca. 535 Ma) Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte of South China. The fossils are millimetric in length and preserved as three-dimensional endocasts of the body. They exhibit clear trunk segmentation, with each segment bearing a pair of lateral or ventrolateral outgrowths. Two species,

Indexed as

AnnelidaFossilsPolychaetaAnimalsBiological EvolutionChinaPhylogenyAnnelidaCambrian FortunianKuanchuanpu formationOrsten-type fossilsPolychaeta

Identifiers

PMID42008710
PMCPMC13143024

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.