ArticlePLOS mental health2026
Identifying psychiatrist characteristics associated with likelihood of recommending involuntary hospitalization for patients using a novel tool to assess decision-making.
Article in PLOS mental health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychiatric involuntary hospitalization (IH) rates differ across the United States (U.S.), but few studies have investigated what physician characteristics influence the decision-making process for IH. This cross-sectional survey study used the Psychiatric Involuntary Hospitalization Decision-making (PIHD) instrument, a previously validated, vignette-based tool, to measure individual psychiatrists' likelihood to admit patients involuntarily and their confidence in IH decision-making. Psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees (N = 246) from eight pre-selected academic psychiatry departments across major U.S. regions completed an online survey that included the PIHD instrument and questions on physician demographics, clinical experience, attitudes and beliefs about patient care, and level of paternalism. Results indicated that demographic factors and years of experience were not associated with likelihood of admittance or physician confidence in decision-making. Likelihood of IH admittance was higher among participants in the Northeast and Southeast. Among attending physicians, likelihood of IH admittance was higher among those with inpatient experience and lower among those with experience in psychiatric emergency services. Likelihood of admittance was also positively correlated with higher levels of paternalism and physician beliefs that IH is beneficial. Among trainees, greater worries about patient safety were associated with higher likelihood of IH admittance. In the full sample, confidence in IH decision-making was highest in the Northeast, Southeast, and Southwest, and was positively correlated with emergency psychiatry experience. Confidence in IH decision-making was associated with paternalism, but only among attending physicians. This study is one of the first to identify individual factors that may influence psychiatrist decision-making around IH in the U.S.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.