ArticleVeterinary and animal science2026
Characterizing population-level short-term waning of newcastle disease humoral immunity of MDA-positive broiler chicks with day-old HB1 vaccination in Nigeria.
Article in Veterinary and animal science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Broiler chicks supplied by hatcheries across Nigeria are often vaccinated at day-old with the Hitchner B1 (HB1) vaccine and come from breeder hens with up-to-date Newcastle disease (ND) immunization. In Nigeria, virulent ND virus strains continue to circulate, making it imperative to assess the early population-level anti-ND humoral immune kinetics of broiler birds supplied to poultry farmers. In this study, we employed a hybrid approach integrating serological analysis with quantitative immunokinetic decay modelling to characterize short-term population-level ND humoral immunity waning in broiler chicks sourced from five major Nigerian hatcheries. Findings from this study show a rapid decline in anti-ND antibody levels, with a loss of putative population-level serologic protection observed within the first week of life in MDA-positive broiler chicks with day-old HB1 vaccination. Power-law modelling best captured the short-term non-linear pattern of anti-ND antibody waning in our study, estimating that population-level GMTs remained above the moderately protective threshold for approximately four days of life. These results point to the existence of a potential window of ND susceptibility, indicating an early population-level risk of ND infection for MDA-positive broiler birds under routine day-old HB1 vaccination in Nigeria. Overall, the study highlights the importance of accounting for MDA levels and optimizing vaccination timing to enhance early-life protection against ND in our region.
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