ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2026
Acupuncture at "Baihui" and "Xuanli" attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury by modulating autophagy and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rats.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture at the "Baihui" and "Xuanli" acupoints on rats with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
methodsAn ICH rat model was established. For the 3-MA group, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (400 nM) was injected into the lateral ventricle 15 min before ICH induction. Histopathologic changes were observed, and expressions of autophagy-related proteins and inflammatory cytokines in hippocampal tissues were measured. Additionally, neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress markers, and PI3K/AKT pathway-related protein expression were assessed.
resultsCompared to the sham group, the model group exhibited increased levels of Beclin-1, ATG5, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus, along with enhanced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, as well as downregulated phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. Compared to the model group, the acupuncture group showed further upregulation of Beclin-1 and ATG5, reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, alleviated neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, and increased phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. Compared to the acupuncture group, the 3-MA group displayed loss of hippocampal structural integrity, decreased expression of Beclin-1 and ATG5, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, exacerbated apoptosis and oxidative stress, and suppressed PI3K signaling activity. In contrast to the 3-MA group, the 3-MA + acupuncture group, the rapamycin group, and the rapamycin + acupuncture group all demonstrated protective effects, including attenuated neuronal injury.
conclusionAcupuncture at the "Baihui" and "Xuanli" acupoints significantly alleviated inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue of ICH rats. This effect was associated with concurrent upregulation of autophagy markers (Beclin-1, ATG5) and activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. However, given the pleiotropic actions of the pharmacological agents used, the precise mechanistic relationship between PI3K/AKT signaling and autophagy remains correlative. Our findings suggest that functional autophagy is essential for acupuncture's neuroprotective effects, and that its therapeutic benefit may arise from coordinated modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/autophagy network rather than a simple linear cascade.
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