ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2026
Treatment outcomes and long-term relapse-free survival after multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in Latvia: a retrospective national cohort study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Is Short Therapy an Appropriate Regimen for Children and Young Adolescents with Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Treatment success rates of multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) lag behind those for drug-susceptible TB. However, outcome definitions censoring follow-up at treatment completion may underestimate effectiveness and fail to capture relapse-free survival. Methods: We conducted a retrospective national cohort study including all adults initiating individualized MDR/RR-TB treatment in the Republic of Latvia between 2005 and 2021. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were linked to long-term follow-up on relapse and vital status. Treatment outcomes were classified according to World Health Organization (WHO), TBnet (Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group), expert consilium, and long-term outcome definitions. Predictors of cure were assessed using Firth logistic regression. A landmark analysis at 18 months evaluated the association between treatment duration (≤9 months, 10-17 months, and ≥18 months) and relapse-free survival. Findings: Among 1299 patients (median age 44 years; 74.9% male), cure rates were 4.8% (n = 62) under WHO definitions, 53.1% (n = 690) under TBnet definitions, and 60.8% (n = 790) under the consilium-based classification. Under long-term follow-up outcome definitions, 56.5% (n = 734) achieved cure and 76.9% (n = 999) achieved relapse-free survival. Receiving ≥3 susceptible drugs independently predicted WHO-defined treatment success (adjusted OR 6.53, 95% CI 2.22-31.69; p < 0.001). In the landmark analysis, treatment duration ≤9 months was associated with higher hazard of relapse or death compared with ≥18 months (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03-3.00; p = 0.038), whereas outcomes were similar for 10-17 months vs. ≥18 months (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.42-1.22; p = 0.22). Interpretation: In this national cohort treated with individualized MDR/RR-TB regimens, long-term relapse-free outcomes substantially exceeded treatment success defined at treatment completion. These findings support relapse-free survival as complement to end-of-treatment metrics. Funding: This study received no external funding.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.