ReviewCureus2026
Morning Versus Evening Exercise for Blood Pressure Control in Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypertension remains the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. While clinical guidelines strongly recommend lifestyle modifications, including exercise, as a core treatment, they currently lack specific recommendations regarding the optimal timing of its administration. Given the circadian regulation of blood pressure (BP), autonomic tone, and vascular function, the timing of exercise may impact BP control. This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to compare the effects of morning and evening exercise on BP control in hypertensive patients. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from inception to January 2026. We included RCTs involving adult hypertensive patients that compared morning and evening exercise interventions. Outcomes of interest included systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure, 24-hour ambulatory BP, nocturnal BP, and post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Five studies, comprising four trials (two long-term parallel RCTs and two short-term crossover RCTs), were included. Long-term interventions indicated that evening exercise was superior to morning exercise in reducing SBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in hypertensive men. Short-term interventions yielded conflicting results. However, limited data suggest that morning exercise may be more beneficial for women in reducing SBP and attenuating stress reactivity. The timing of exercise may influence BP control in hypertensive patients. Evening exercise appears to be the optimal strategy for long-term BP reduction in hypertensive men. Conversely, morning exercise may be preferable for women. These findings suggest that exercise recommendations should be tailored individually to each patient. Future efforts should be directed towards long-term studies to better elucidate the effects of morning and evening exercise on BP control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.