Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42006303›Full record

ArticleiScience2026

Intranasal replicating adenovirus type 4-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccines induce durable and efficacious responses in preclinical testing.

Breanna Kim, Rachel Roenicke, Peyton M Roeder, Isabel Steinberg, Andy Patamawenu, Mitra Harrison, Freya Van't Veer, Emma Koory, Jane Xie, Tulley Shofner and 29 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

39 authors.

Breanna KimHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Rachel RoenickeHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Peyton M RoederHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Isabel SteinbergHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Andy PatamawenuHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Mitra HarrisonHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Freya Van't VeerHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Emma KooryHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Jane XieHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Tulley ShofnerHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Kenta MatsudaHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Eleanor WettsteinHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Ellison OberHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Ceanna CooneyHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Tae KimHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Jonathan D WebberHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Tyler MeeksHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Chung ParkB-Cell Molecular Immunology Sections of the Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Tracey BurdetteSARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Shalamar GeorgiaSARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
James M ReadlerMedical Virology Section of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Alexander C VostalMedical Virology Section of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Anna HostalMedical Virology Section of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Jeffrey I CohenMedical Virology Section of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Matthew GagneVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Zohar ZiffVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Ketan RichardVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Matthew R BurnettVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Erin MauleVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Viviane CallierClinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
Jason LiangOffice of Biostatistics Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Gabriela KovacikovaThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Scarlett C SouterThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Joshua A WeinerThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Daniel DouekVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Margaret E AckermanThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Peter F WrightDepartment of Pediatrics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.
Reed F JohnsonSARS-CoV-2 Virology Core, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Mark ConnorsHIV-Specific Immunity, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The portfolio of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines would benefit from candidates that induce durable systemic and mucosal immune responses that would lessen person-to-person transmission. We constructed an intranasal (IN) replication-competent adenovirus type 4 recombinant platform to express SARS-CoV-2 spike variants (Ad4-S) and assessed immunogenicity and efficacy in the Syrian hamster model. Although both IN Ad4-S and intramuscular (IM) vaccines (Ad26.CoV2.S and mRNA-1273) induced serum binding antibodies, only Ad4-S induced a robust nasal mucosal response. IN Ad4-S vaccination induced serum neutralizing titers equivalent to or greater than IM vaccination but more durable up to 6 months. Upon challenge, IN immunization also resulted in less weight loss, greater breadth and durability of restriction of viral replication, and less lung pathology than IM immunization up to 268 days after immunization. These data support the potential of the IN Ad4 vaccine platform to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses with pandemic potential.

Indexed as

Health sciencesImmune responseImmune systemImmunology

Identifiers

PMID42006303
PMCPMC13090634

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.