Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42005914›Full record

ArticleOphthalmology science2026

Applications of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Strabismus Surgery Video-Based Education.

Jimmy S Chen, Marissa Stinnett, Clarissa Camarena, Akshara R Legala, Elena Flester, Gustavo Wanderer, Jennifer Bu, Skenda Jean Charles, Erika C Acera, Shira L Robbins and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmology science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jimmy S ChenViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Marissa StinnettViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Clarissa CamarenaViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Akshara R LegalaViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Elena FlesterViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Gustavo WandererViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Jennifer BuViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Skenda Jean CharlesViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Erika C AceraViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Shira L RobbinsViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
David B GranetViterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To develop educational artificial intelligence (AI)-generated videos for patients undergoing strabismus surgery and assess patient perceptions of these videos. Design: Prospective interventional study. Subjects: Adult patients with strabismus seen at University of California San Diego who were evaluated and subsequently underwent strabismus surgery. Methods: A pipeline of AI software including Claude Sonnet, Sora, Visla, and Tavus were used to generate a script educating patients on strabismus surgery, create avatars of real ophthalmologists, and AI-generated video clips. Surveys on Google Forms were created to (1) preoperatively assess whether patients could discern whether the videos were AI-generated and educational and (2) postoperatively whether the video remained educational. These videos were disseminated to patients once consent for strabismus surgery was obtained, and surveys were given to patients preoperatively and postoperatively. Main Outcome Measures: Patient perceptions and educational value of the video were assessed using Likert scales and yes versus no questions, which were averaged or enumerated, respectively. Subjective comments were also thematically assessed. Results: Thirty patients who underwent strabismus surgery were included in this study. The mean age was 54.0 ± 19.8 years with the majority undergoing surgery for the first time (n = 23 [76.7%]). Patients responded that these videos improved their understanding of strabismus (4.3 ± 0.9), strabismus surgery (4.2 ± 1.1), and eased their concerns (4.5 ± 0.8). Additionally, patients generally did not recognize that the video was AI-generated (4.3 ± 1.1), responded that they would watch more AI-generated videos in the future (4.7 ± 0.7), and would recommend AI-generated content to others (4.7 ± 0.65). When surveyed postoperatively, this sentiment persisted. Subjectively, patients generally emphasized how this video was both educational and reassuring. Conclusions: In this proof-of-concept study, patients generally felt AI-generated videos for strabismus surgery added educational value. Additionally, most patients perceived the AI-generated content positively. Future studies with larger sample sizes and outcome-based and validated educational endpoints are needed to prospectively evaluate the clinical impact of AI-generated educational content on other conditions and interventions. This approach may open new opportunities to improve patient understanding and ability to contribute to their care. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceGenerative artificial intelligencePatient educationStrabismus surgeryVideo-based education

Identifiers

PMID42005914
PMCPMC13084662

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.