ArticleGastroenterology research and practice2026
Risk Factors for Delayed Bleeding and Its Impact on Long-Term Efficacy After Endoscopic Sclerotherapy for Internal Haemorrhoids by Inverted Colonoscopy Without Transparent Caps.
Article in Gastroenterology research and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Risk Factors for Delayed Bleeding and Its Impact on Long-Term Efficacy After Endoscopic Sclerotherapy for Internal Haemorrhoids by Inverted Colonoscopy Without Transparent Caps.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
Background: We investigated the incidence, timing, risk factors and prognosis of delayed haemorrhage after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) with lauromacrogol for internal haemorrhoids (IHs) using an inverted colonoscope without transparent caps. Methods: The clinical data of 252 patients undergoing EIS with lauromacrogol for IH using an inverted colonoscope without transparent caps were retrospectively analysed. Delayed haemorrhage was defined as bleeding occurring between 24 h and 1 month postoperatively. The incidence, timing and volume of delayed bleeding were recorded. Clinical risk factors were analysed, and patients were followed up for 2 years. Results: Delayed bleeding occurred in 17.5% (44/252) of patients, with a median onset of 2 (1-17) days. Among them, 97.7% (43/44) experienced < 20-mL bleeding within 9 days that resolved spontaneously; one patient developed 500-mL bleeding on postoperative Day 17. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that albumin < 40 g/L (odds ratio [OR]: 5.093; Conclusions: Delayed bleeding is a common complication after EIS with lauromacrogol for IHs using an inverted colonoscope without transparent caps. Most cases are small volume, early onset and self-limiting. Delayed bleeding does not affect long-term EIS efficacy. Risk factors include hypertriglyceridaemia, hypoproteinaemia, postoperative constipation and > 4 injection sites. As delayed massive bleeding may occur when injections are too deep or positioned too high, EIS should be performed cautiously. Adherence to guidelines, including the use of a transparent cap or forward-view endoscopy, is recommended.
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