ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026
A novel cultivation strategy to recover NK cell cytotoxicity.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Automated cytotoxicity assessment of natural killer cells by flow cytometry.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Natural killer cells are emerging as promising "off-the-shelf" effectors for cancer immunotherapy, yet expansion of the NK-92 cell line in batch cultivation leads to rapid loss of cytotoxicity concomitant with lactate accumulation. In this study we developed and validated a two-phase manufacturing strategy that decouples cell proliferation from functional recovery in order to obtain an improved final product potency. Our 8-day kinetic survey determined declines in viability, metabolite profiles and cytotoxicity during static batch expansion. Guided by these data, in a 32-run full-factorial design-of-experiments approach we varied fresh cultivation medium proportion, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and recovery duration; partial least squares modeling identified fresh-medium ratio and recovery time as the primary drivers of cytotoxicity restoration. Identified optimal conditions (90% fresh medium, 37.2 °C, 3.7 days recovery) recovered cytotoxicity and maximized cytotoxic capacity. These setpoints were then translated to a 2 L stirred-tank bioreactor, where a fed-batch expansion under controlled pH and lactate levels produced 2.0 × 10
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