Advancements in Smart Wound Dressings: Leveraging Sensor Technology for Real-Time Wound Monitoring and Management.

Introduction: This review aims to evaluate smart wound dressings (SWDs) that integrate sensor technology for real-time monitoring of acute and chronic wounds, with emphasis on clinical relevance, validation status, and translational limitations. Methods: A structured literature search was performed to identify preclinical, translational, and human studies evaluating sensor-enabled wound dressings, including technologies measuring temperature, pH, moisture, and infection-associated parameters. Relevant studies were selected based on applicability to sensor-integrated wound monitoring. Key features extracted included sensing modality, validation model, regulatory context, and reported clinical applicability. Results: Sensor-enabled wound dressings demonstrate promising noninvasive approaches to wound monitoring; however, the level of clinical validation varies widely. While some systems have advanced to limited human use supported by observational data, many remain at the preclinical or early feasibility stage. Direct comparisons with established diagnostic standards and robust patient-centered outcome data are largely lacking. Conclusions: SWDs represent a rapidly evolving field with significant potential to improve wound monitoring. Current clinical adoption is constrained by limited comparative validation and regulatory pathways that do not require demonstrated efficacy. Future studies benchmarking these technologies against accepted diagnostic standards will be essential to defining their clinical role.