Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42004963›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Natural polysaccharides as multifunctional anti-cancer agents: structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential.

Jiaxin Jiang, Xiwu Zhang, Di Han, Qichao Liang, Le Yang, Ling Kong, Yu Guan, Hui Sun, Chang Liu, Ye Sun and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jiaxin JiangState key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Xiwu ZhangState key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Di HanState key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Qichao LiangState key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Le YangState Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Ling KongState key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Yu GuanState key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Hui SunState key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Chang LiuState key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Ye SunState Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Ying HanState key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
Jie ZhangTechnology Innovation Center of Wusulijiang Ciwujia, Hulin, China.
Xijun WangState key laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, characterized by alarmingly high incidence and mortality rates. Traditional clinical therapies are often accompanied by obvious toxicity and side effects, highlighting the urgent need to develop safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. In recent years, polysaccharides have emerged as promising candidates for anti-tumor drugs due to their wide sources, high biocompatibility and low toxicity. This review summarizes recent advances in anti-tumor effects of polysaccharides, covering their underlying mechanisms, key signaling pathways and selective toxicity characteristics. Polysaccharides exert synergistic anti-cancer effects through multi-target, multi-pathway mechanisms, including the induction of immune cell polarization and tumor cell apoptosis, inhibition of tumor cell migration and angiogenesis, and modulation of key signaling pathways such as P53, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin. Among these, polysaccharides with specific monosaccharide compositions, optimal molecular weights, β-glycosidic linkages, triple-helix conformations, or those that are chemically modified, exhibit enhanced biological and anti-tumor activities. Future efforts should focus on elucidating structure-activity relationships, developing targeted delivery systems to improve bioavailability and tumor specificity, and advancing large-scale, multi-center, long-term clinical trials to support the development of safe and effective polysaccharide-based anti-cancer therapeutics.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsNeoplasmsPolysaccharidesAnimalsHumansSignal TransductionStructure-Activity RelationshipAntineoplastic AgentsPolysaccharidesclinical translationpolysaccharidesselective toxicitysignaling pathwaysunderlying mechanisms

Identifiers

PMID42004963
PMCPMC13083199

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.