ReviewEuropean urology open science2026
Effects of Nonpharmacological and Nonsurgical Intervention for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Review in European urology open science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and objective: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and reduce quality of life. We assessed whether nonpharmacological and nonsurgical (NPNS) interventions improve PD-related LUTS. Methods: We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, PEDro, and CINAHL from inception to November 28, 2025, and screened reference lists. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies in adults with PD comparing NPNS interventions with no intervention, sham/placebo, or usual care were eligible. Primary outcomes were 24-h bladder-diary episodes (voids, urgency, incontinence). Secondary outcomes were validated symptom, bother, and urinary-related quality-of-life (QOL) scales. Random-effects meta-analyses used postintervention values. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed with Cochrane RoB 2/RoB Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies, and certainty with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. Key findings and limitations: Conclusions and clinical implications: NPNS interventions may improve some LUTS outcomes in PD, with the most consistent signal for urinary incontinence. More adequately powered trials enrolling patients with confirmed LUTS and using standardized LUTS-specific outcomes, follow-up, and comparator definitions are needed.
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Registered trials
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