ArticlePeerJ2026
Discovery of serum APOD as an early sarcopenia biomarker in older adults with low muscle mass: a cross-sectional proteomic and transcriptomic investigation.
Article in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is the progressive, widespread loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, which happens as a result of aging. This study aims to analyze the alterations in serum protein profiles and explore a biomarker of diagnostic significance for early sarcopenia patients Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum samples from 50 older adults (25 with early sarcopenia and 25 healthy controls) were analyzed. In the discovery cohort (10 per group), proteomic sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Candidate biomarker were subsequently validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an independent validation cohort (15 per group). Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses, including functional enrichment and diagnostic evaluation, were conducted to elucidate the potential role of the identified targets. Results: Untargeted proteomic profiling of the discovery cohort identified 88 significantly dysregulated serum proteins in early sarcopenia, which were bioinformatically enriched in processes related to stress response and metabolic imbalance. To prioritize candidate biomarkers, the corresponding genes were cross-referenced with public transcriptomic data. This integrative analysis highlighted apolipoprotein D ( Conclusion: This study identifies and validates serum APOD as a biomarker associated with early sarcopenia, characterized by significantly elevated levels and demonstrating promising discriminative capacity at the group level between affected individuals and healthy controls.
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