ReviewBiotechnology notes (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2026
Functionalized carbon metal nanocomposites for efficient and sustainable removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from water - A comprehensive review.
Review in Biotechnology notes (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carbon-metal nanocomposites have emerged as promising materials for the sustainable remediation of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic environments by integrating the high surface area, chemical tunability, and structural stability of carbon nanomaterials with the catalytic and redox functionalities of metallic nanoparticles. This review critically evaluates the synthesis strategies, physicochemical characterization, and pollutant removal mechanisms of functionalized carbon-metal nanocomposites, with particular emphasis on adsorption, catalytic degradation, and photocatalytic processes. Carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and carbon dots, when combined with metal nanoparticles including silver, copper, zinc oxide, and iron oxide, exhibit pronounced synergistic effects that enable the efficient and selective removal of a wide range of pharmaceutical contaminants. Environmental and ecotoxicological considerations associated with the application of these nanocomposites are also discussed, highlighting the importance of comprehensive risk assessment and sustainable material design. Despite their significant potential, challenges related to scalability, cost, and regulatory acceptance remain major barriers to practical implementation. Future research directions focus on green synthesis approaches, the development of advanced hybrid nanocomposites, and their integration with complementary water treatment technologies, underscoring the promise of carbon-metal nanocomposites as sustainable solutions for pharmaceutical pollution control and the protection of aquatic ecosystems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.