ArticleAmerican journal of cancer research2026
27-Hydroxycholesterol in bile duct tissue promotes cholangiocarcinoma progression through estrogen receptor signaling.
Article in American journal of cancer research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) is widely produced in human tissues, functions as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), is implicated in the progression of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancers. While 27-HC is abundant in bile, its SERM role in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to test the hypothesis that 27-HC promotes eCCA cell proliferation via ER activation.
methodsOxysterol levels and the expression of ERs and proliferation-related genes were compared between eCCA tissues (N = 17) and noncancerous extrahepatic bile ducts (N = 6). The effects of 27-HC on cell proliferation were evaluated in two human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines: ERα-expressing intrahepatic CCA-1 and ERβ-expressing extrahepatic TFK-1 cells.
results27-HC and mRNA expression levels of ERα and ERβ were significantly higher in eCCA tissues than in noncancerous tissues. Expression levels of cMYC, HIF-1α, and VEGFα expression levels were elevated in eCCA tissues with high ERα and/or ERβ expression. In both cell lines, 27-HC (1-1,000 nM) dose-dependently enhanced cell proliferation for 48 h, similar to that of 17β-estradiol; these effects were blocked by ER inhibitors ICI-182,780 and PHTPP.
conclusionsThese findings indicate that 27-HC promotes eCCA cell proliferation through ERα- and ERβ-mediated SERM-like effects, highlighting that 27-HC and ERs as potential therapeutic targets in eCCA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.