ArticleEco-Environment & Health2026
Stagnant oxidative potential in declining agricultural fleets: Evidence from key particulate matter composition despite fleet renewal.
Article in Eco-Environment & Health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Agricultural machinery (AM) represents a dominant yet underregulated non-road emission source worldwide, with the health risks and key toxic drivers of its real-world particulate matter (PM) emissions still poorly understood. Taking China as a typical example, this study combined field sampling with multi-scale chemical analysis to characterize the chemical composition and oxidative potential (OP) of exhaust PM from AM under real-world operating conditions, followed by a national-scale emission assessment. The results show that while the PM emission factor under China III standard shows a 50% reduction compared to China II-compliant AM, the emitted PM exhibits a 2.7 times higher OP, suggesting a potential increase in health risks per mass. This toxicity paradox arises from the increased abundance of redox-active components: Fe, Zn, Mn, and high-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Single-particle analysis reveals that in China III PM, Fe-rich particles are particularly significant, acting as carriers of heavy metals (Zn, Mn, V, Cr, Co, Pb) and showing a strong correlation with carcinogenic PAHs such as BaP. Isolated Fe-rich particles exhibit significantly higher OP than total PM, confirming their significant role. National estimates show that from 2017 to 2023, implementation of the China III standard decreased PM emissions by 53% but OP risk by only 21%, aligning with limited reductions in PAH and Fe emissions. China III tractors with low and medium power, which contribute significantly to AM PM emissions (71%) and OP risk (62%), should be prioritized.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.