Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42003785›Full record

ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2026

Ex Vivo LRRK2 Activation in Asian G2385R and R1628P Variant Carriers and Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease.

Tzi Shin Toh, Lei Cheng Lit, Shen-Yang Lim, Jia Wei Hor, Choey Yee Lew, Anis Nadhirah Khairul Anuar, Yi Wen Tay, Kirsten Black, Jia Lun Lim, Jannah Zulkefli and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Tzi Shin TohDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-2147
Lei Cheng LitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3210-4491
Shen-Yang LimDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-2522
Jia Wei HorDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-5453
Choey Yee LewThe Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6074-9163
Anis Nadhirah Khairul AnuarDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-4265
Yi Wen TayDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9319-0768
Kirsten BlackMedical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
Jia Lun LimDepartment of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-7674
Jannah ZulkefliDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-4562
Kai Shi LimDepartment of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7759-7239
Hans Xing DingDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5625-5102
Shalini PadmanabhanThe Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6933-416X
Azlina Ahmad-AnnuarDepartment of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6329-4366
Eng King TanDepartment of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
Dario R AlessiMedical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-9185
Esther SammlerMedical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3218-7116
Ai Huey TanDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-3839

Funding

Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research MJFF-010188Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research MJFF-021041Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research MJFF-022659
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLeucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) kinase inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease (PD), but the functional impact of Asian-prevalent LRRK2 p.G2385R and p.R1628P variants remains unclear. Robust patient stratification and target engagement markers are needed for global LRRK2-targeted trials.

objectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize ex vivo LRRK2 activation status and its clinical correlates in patients with PD carrying LRRK2 p.G2385R and/or p.R1628P variants and in patients with idiopathic PD (iPD).

methodsWe recruited 242 participants: patients with PD carrying LRRK2 p.G2385R (PD-G2385R; n = 57), p.R1628P (PD-R1628P; n = 61), or both (n = 5); patients with iPD (n = 61); and healthy control subjects (HCs; n = 58). Monocyte LRRK2 activity markers (pRab10

resultsCompared with HCs, pRab10

conclusionsLRRK2 kinase activity is enhanced in patients with PD carrying LRRK2 p.G2385R, with further elevation observed in a small group of double-variant carriers. Elevated kinase activity in a subset of iPD underscores the relevance of LRRK2 signaling and therapeutics beyond coding variants. The observed interindividual variability indicates additional genetic or environmental modifiers and highlights the need for biochemical stratification beyond genotyping in future LRRK2 trials. © 2026 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Indexed as

Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2Parkinson DiseaseAgedAsian PeopleFemaleHeterozygoteHumansMaleMiddle AgedLeucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2LRRK2 protein, humanBiomarkerKinaseLRRK2Parkinson's diseasePrecision medicine

Identifiers

PMID42003785
PMCPMC13387957

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.