ArticleRestorative dentistry & endodontics2026
Effect of high irradiance and short exposure curing time on the fracture toughness of bulk-fill resin-based composite: an in vitro study.
Article in Restorative dentistry & endodontics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of high irradiance and short exposure time on the fracture toughness of bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs). Methods: Three RBCs were tested: Tetric PowerFill (TPF; Ivoclar Vivadent), Opus Bulk Fill APS (OBF; FGM Dental Group), and Filtek One Bulk Fill (FOB; Solventum). Sixty single-edge-notched disc specimens were prepared using a fracture toughness mold. Each group consisted of 20 samples, divided into two subgroups (n = 10). The RBCs were lightcured either for 3 seconds in high-irradiance mode ('3s cure') or for the manufacturer-recommended times (TPF, 10 seconds; OBF, 30 seconds; FOB, 20 seconds) in 'high power' mode using the Bluephase PowerCure (Ivoclar Vivadent). The peak spectral wavelength was measured using a spectrophotometer. Specimens were tested on a universal testing machine, and data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). Results: Radiant exposure values (J/cm²) were 9.5 for the 3-second mode and 12.4, 24.8, and 37.1 for 10, 20, and 30 seconds (high power mode), respectively. FOB (4.22 and 3.79 MPa∙m0.5 for 20 and 3 seconds) had the highest mean fracture toughness, while OBF showed the lowest (2.01 and 2.10 MPa∙m0.5 for 30 and 3 seconds). TPF produced intermediate results (2.72 and 2.70 MPa∙m0.5 for 10 and 3 seconds). Exposure time did not affect TPF and OBF, while the 3-second exposure significantly reduced the fracture toughness for FOB. Conclusions: The RBCs tested had different fracture toughness values regardless of exposure time. High irradiance and short exposure can reduce fracture toughness depending on the RBC tested.
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