Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42003084›Full record

ArticleJournal of adolescence2026

Mapping the Adolescent Mind: Profiles of Reflective Functioning and Epistemic Trust in Adolescent Psychopathology.

Ilaria Maria Antonietta Benzi, Nick Midgley, Karin Ensink, Laura Parolin, Peter Fonagy, Francesca Locati

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of adolescence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ilaria Maria Antonietta BenziDepartment of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7413-7099
Nick MidgleyResearch Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-5058
Karin EnsinkDepartment of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3351-0475
Laura ParolinDepartment of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-0406
Peter FonagyResearch Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-0091
Francesca LocatiDepartment of Humanities, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAdolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability to psychopathology, when capacities for mentalising and interpersonal trust develop rapidly. This study investigated how configurations of reflective functioning (RF) and epistemic trust (ET) differentiate patterns of internalizing and externalizing problems in youth.

methodsIn a community sample of 688 adolescents (47.8% female; M = 15.51 years, SD = 1.80), latent profile analysis was conducted on RF uncertainty and certainty, as well as ET trust, mistrust, and credulity.

resultsFour distinct profiles were identified. An Ambivalent profile (intact RF with high credulity and mistrust; mainly female) was associated with the highest internalizing problems, while an Impaired RF profile (simultaneously high uncertainty and certainty; mainly male) showed the highest externalizing problems. An Adaptive profile (older adolescents with low RF impairment, high trust, and low mistrust/credulity) and a Disengaged profile (consistently low RF and ET scores) exhibited the lowest levels of symptoms. A MANOVA confirmed significant group differences across profiles.

conclusionsThese findings suggest that different RF-ET configurations reflect complementary pathways to internalizing and externalizing vulnerabilities, highlighting the importance of person-centered assessment for identifying process-based targets for early prevention and intervention.

Indexed as

Mental DisordersTrustAdolescentCognitive ReflectionFemaleHumansMalePsychology, Adolescentadolescenceepistemic trustexternalizinginternalizinglatent profile analysisreflective functioning

Identifiers

PMID42003084
PMCPMC13338665

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.