Observational studyCancer medicine2026
Progression-Free Survival 2 as a Potential Surrogate for Overall Survival in Glioblastoma: Insights From a Spanish Multicentric Cohort.
Observational study in Cancer medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Alpha particle therapy in glioblastoma: emerging biomarkers, mechanisms of response, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn glioblastoma, first-line treatment can influence subsequent treatment lines. Therefore, progression-free survival 2 (PFS2), the time from initial randomization to progression on subsequent treatment or death, may better predict overall survival (OS) compared to PFS. However, this association needs validation in glioblastoma, particularly with novel targeted agents in early clinical trials.
methodsMedical records of glioblastoma patients from a multicentric Spanish cohort with genomic profiling treated between 2018 to 2023 were analyzed. Correlations between OS and PFS or PFS2 were calculated using an iterative multiple imputation approach and time-to-event endpoints with Kaplan-Meier methods.
resultsWe analyzed 405 patients. Median OS, PFS, and PFS2 were 25.4, 8.7 and 16.4 months, respectively. Correlation between OS-PFS was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.62-0.75), whilst for OS-PFS2 it was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.78-0.87). In patients who received targeted therapy, OS-PFS correlation was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.02-0.81), whilst for OS-PFS2, it was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.30-0.91). For patients with ESCAT tier I-II molecular targets, OS-PFS correlation was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.26-0.89), weaker than OS-PFS2 (0.83 [95% CI, 0.29-0.97]). PFS2 also performed better than PFS in ESCAT III-IV patients (0.80 [95% CI, 0.75-0.85] vs. 0.69 [95% CI, 0.61-0.75]) and in those without targetable alterations (0.86 [95% CI, 0.74-0.92] vs. 0.68 [95% CI, 0.51-0.80]).
conclusionsProgression-free survival 2 (PFS2) is a more robust surrogate for OS than PFS in glioblastoma, including patients receiving targeted therapies or without actionable targets. These findings support adoption of PFS2 as a candidate surrogate endpoint in glioblastoma, offering a balance between trial feasibility and meaningful survival outcomes.
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