Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42002854›Full record

ArticleOccupational therapy international2026

Rasch Validation of the FRTVMI in Arab Adolescents: Cultural and Gender Considerations in Visual-Motor Assessment.

Ehab Mohamed Naguib Omara, Amthal H Al-Huwailah, Mahmoud Mohamed Emam, Atef Mosaad Elsherbiny, Asma A Al-Attiyah, Ali Mahdi Kazem, Al-Ghaliya Harith Sulaiman Al Hinai

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Occupational therapy international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ehab Mohamed Naguib OmaraDepartment of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Oman, squ.edu.om.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-3141
Amthal H Al-HuwailahCollege of Social Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait, kuniv.edu.
Mahmoud Mohamed EmamDepartment of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Oman, squ.edu.om.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4451-9237
Atef Mosaad ElsherbinyDepartment of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, qu.edu.qa.
Asma A Al-AttiyahDepartment of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, qu.edu.qa.
Ali Mahdi KazemDepartment of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Oman, squ.edu.om.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-0279
Al-Ghaliya Harith Sulaiman Al HinaiDepartment of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Seeb, Oman, squ.edu.om.

Funding

Sultan Qaboos University IG/EDU/PSYC/22/03
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examined the construct validity of the Full Range Test of Visual-Motor Integration (FRTVMI) among adolescents aged 11-16 years in Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait using the Rasch measurement model. A total of 2464 students were selected through cluster random sampling to ensure national representation. Rasch analysis evaluated the unidimensionality, item fit, local independence, scalability, and reliability of the test. Results indicated strong evidence of unidimensionality, high item reliability, and satisfactory person reliability across samples. However, notable discrepancies in item difficulty ordering emerged between countries and relative to the original test manual, suggesting cultural and educational influences on item performance. Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis identified several gender-biased items-most prominently in the Kuwaiti sample-raising concerns about test fairness. While the FRTVMI demonstrates strong psychometric properties, the findings highlight the need for culturally responsive adaptations and further research to enhance its validity and equity across diverse populations in the Gulf region.

Indexed as

ArabsPsychomotor PerformanceAdolescentChildFemaleHumansKuwaitMaleOmanPsychometricsQatarReproducibility of ResultsSex Factorsconstruct validityFull Range Test of Visual–Motor IntegrationGulf countriesRasch model

Identifiers

PMID42002854
PMCPMC13092505

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.