ArticleBMC cancer2026
Clinical patterns, treatment outcomes and determinant factors in children with neuroblastoma in a tertiary referral hospital in Ethiopia.
Article in BMC cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra cranial solid tumor in children, and causes 15% of childhood cancer deaths. With increased-intensity treatment in developed countries, the five-year survival rate remains around 60%. This study examined the clinical patterns, treatment outcomes, and contributing factors in children diagnosed with neuroblastoma in Ethiopia.Materials and MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on one hundred and one children who met the inclusion criteria, using a structured data collection format. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Chi-square test, log-rank test, and Cox regression were used to assess associations among the variables of interest. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were utilized for overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) analysis.ResultsA total of one hundred and one (101) children diagnosed with neuroblastoma met the inclusion criteria, with an equal sex distribution. The majority of cases, 74.3% (n = 75), were above18 months, with a mean age of 4.00 ± 3.28 years. The median duration from symptom onset to presentation at the oncologic treatment center was 8 weeks, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 4 to 12 weeks. The most common primary tumor site was intra-abdominal masses, present in 77.2% (n = 77) of cases. At presentation, tumor staging was predominantly advanced, with 59.4% (n = 60) at stage 4 and 15.8% (n = 16) at stage 3.Treatment was initiated in 76.2% (n = 77) of patients, with 66.3% (n = 67) receiving treatment with curative intent. Approximately 58.4% (n = 59) of patients were lost to follow-up. The 1-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) estimates were 72.4% and 11.5%, respectively, while the 5-year OS and EFS estimates were 48.5% and 5.5%, respectively, among patients with known status during the study period.ConclusionOur study found that the average time from symptom onset to presentation at an oncologic treatment center was 8 weeks. More than three-quarters of the cases presented with advanced-stage disease. The 1-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for children with neuroblastoma in our setting were considerably lower than those reported in other studies.
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