Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42001478›Full record

Trial reportBritish medical bulletin2026

Back squat and deadlift fatiguing protocols elicit distinct countermovement jump profiles: phase-specific predictors and soreness responses.

Marco Gervasi, Eugenio Formiglio, Johnny Padulo, Giacomo Belmonte, Antonino Patti, Eneko Fernández-Peña

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in British medical bulletin, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Marco GervasiDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7112-1780
Eugenio FormiglioDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.ORCID 0009-0009-9257-7539
Johnny PaduloDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4254-3105
Giacomo BelmonteDepartment of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-2326-8164
Antonino PattiDepartment of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3753-5191
Eneko Fernández-PeñaDepartment of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4407-5376

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

INTRODUCTION OR

backgroundResidual fatigue following resistance exercise can impair neuromuscular performance. The back squat (BSQ) and deadlift (DL) are key lower-limb exercises but may differ in their fatigue and recovery profiles. Identifying phase-specific markers during the countermovement jump (CMJ) may improve monitoring and guide recovery strategies. SOURCES OF DATA: Fifty-four resistance-trained adults (≥1 year experience) were randomly assigned to BSQ, DL, or control (CON) groups. After one-repetition maximum (1RM) estimation, BSQ and DL completed a fatiguing protocol (3 × 12 repetitions at 70% 1RM). CMJ performance was assessed at baseline, immediately, 30 min, and 24 h post-exercise using a force platform. Phase-specific force-time variables and the modified reactive strength index (RSImod) were calculated; muscle soreness was recorded at 24 and 48 h. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: Both BSQ and DL caused significant decrements in CMJ-derived metrics, as indicated by a linear mixed-effects model, and greater soreness than control, according to a two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA). BSQ produced larger and earlier impairments across force, displacement, and work variables, whereas DL showed smaller but more persistent reductions in braking rate of force development (RFD) and RSImod. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: Despite similar soreness, recovery patterns differed, indicating distinct neuromuscular demands and time courses between exercises. GROWING POINTS: Phase-specific CMJ metrics particularly braking and unloading RFD, eccentric/concentric work, and RSImod are sensitive indicators of residual fatigue. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: Future studies should integrate electromyographic and biochemical markers and extend observation beyond 48 h to describe full recovery trajectories.

Indexed as

Muscle FatigueMyalgiaResistance TrainingAdultFemaleHumansMaleMuscle, SkeletalMuscle StrengthPost-Exercise RecoveryYoung Adultcountermovement jumpneuromuscular fatiguerate of force developmentrecovery kineticsresistance exercise

Identifiers

PMID42001478
PMCPMC13092287

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.