ArticlePlant, cell & environment2026
The Circadian Oscillator Affects Both Glutathione Homeostasis and Its Response to Salt Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Article in Plant, cell & environment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Glutathione, including reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), is the major non-protein thiol-based redox buffer. There are diurnal rhythms in total glutathione level and in this work, we investigate whether these oscillations might be indicative of circadian regulation of total glutathione homeostasis. We have not only taken a look and determined transcript levels involved in glutathione homeostasis, but we have also measured GSH and GSSG levels, and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in both wild-type plants and plants that constitutively express CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATE1 (CCA1-ox), under diurnal and circadian cycles, and under stress saline conditions. In spite of the presence of diurnal oscillations in several genes involved in glutathione biosynthesis and degradation and in GSH levels, GSH content does not appear to be regulated by the circadian oscillator as shown by the data in CCA1-ox plants. Unlike GSH, we report that GSSG levels and GR gene expression and activity are affected by alterations in the circadian oscillator, demonstrating that Arabidopsis circadian clock modulates the homeostasis of glutathione via GR. Additionally, we show that GR response to saline stress is lack in CCA1-ox plants, suggesting that the oscillator regulates glutathione response to salinity.
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