Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42001311›Full record

ArticleLaboratory medicine2026

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte profiles in an HIV-positive and HIV-negative female cohort.

Olive Khaliq, Niren Maharaj, Mikyle David, Ahmad Jassen, Nomakhuwa Tabane, Jagidesa Moodley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Laboratory medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Olive KhaliqDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Niren MaharajDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Mikyle DavidDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-0688-157X
Ahmad JassenDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Nomakhuwa TabaneDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Jagidesa MoodleyDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Women's Health and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Funding

South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) 1-046-M0565
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe COVID-19 pandemic led to rapid global vaccine deployment, especially among high-risk groups, such as individuals living with HIV. Data are limited, however, on the immunologic effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-specifically, on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte levels-in HIV-positive women in South Africa, a population with high HIV prevalence.

methodsThis prospective cross-sectional study included 40 women (aged 14-42 years) admitted to a South African tertiary-care hospital, stratified by HIV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status. Flow cytometry (BD Multitest [BD Biosciences]) was used to determine absolute CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts. Data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism, version 8, software (GraphPad Software). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons between 2 independent groups. For comparisons across more than 2 groups, either a 1-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied, with statistically significant results followed by the Dunn multiple comparisons test. Spearman correlation was used to assess relationships between variables. In all cases, statistical significance was defined as P < .05.

resultsOf the 40 participants, 27 (68%) were HIV positive and 20 (50%) were vaccinated. CD4+ T-cell counts were statistically significantly higher in HIV-negative women than in HIV-positive women (P = .01), while CD8+ levels did not differ significantly (P = .41). Vaccination status had no statistically significant impact on CD4+ or CD8+ counts. The CD4/CD8 ratio was statistically significantly higher in HIV-positive women (P = .01), especially among the unvaccinated subgroup (P = .002).

conclusionsSARS-CoV-2 vaccination did not substantially alter CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocyte levels, regardless of HIV status.

Indexed as

CD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesHIV InfectionsAdolescentAdultCD4 Lymphocyte CountCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHIV SeronegativityHumansProspective StudiesSARS-CoV-2South AfricaVaccinationCOVID-19 VaccinesCD4+CD8+COVID-19HIV

Identifiers

PMID42001311
PMCPMC13092133

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