ArticleTropical medicine and health2026
Widespread pyrethroid resistance and high kdr L995F allele frequencies in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato populations from Southern Benin, West Africa.
Article in Tropical medicine and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Agricultural practices drive multifactorial pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles coluzzii populations from southern Benin.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
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15 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato threatens the efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Benin. District-level resistance data and evaluations of next-generation insecticides are needed to inform insecticide resistance management (IRM).
methodsWe assessed insecticide susceptibility in An. gambiae s.l. populations from three southern Beninese districts (Porto-Novo, Akpro-Missérété, Lokossa) via WHO tube bioassays with pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin), pirimiphos-methyl, clothianidin, and chlorfenapyr. Molecular species identification and genotyping of the kdr L995F and Ace-1R G119S mutations were performed via allele-specific PCR.
resultsConfirmed pyrethroid resistance was recorded at all sites, with permethrin mortality as low as 17.1% (95% CI 10.6-26.2%) in Porto-Novo. The kdr L995F allele was detected at near-fixation frequencies ranging from 82 to 93% across both An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.s. Ace-1R G119S remained rare (3-7%), which is consistent with its retained susceptibility to pirimiphos-methyl. The species composition ranged from exclusive to An. coluzzii in Porto-Novo to near-equal distribution in Lokossa. Clothianidin was associated with ≥ 99% cumulative mortality by day 7, and chlorfenapyr was associated with ≥ 98.8% cumulative mortality within 24-48 h across all populations.
conclusionsPyrethroid resistance is entrenched in southern Benin, driven by the near-fixation of kdr L995F along an urbanization gradient. The fully preserved efficacy of clothianidin and chlorfenapyr against these resistant populations supports the urgent scale-up of next-generation LLINs as a core IRM strategy in this high-burden region.
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