ArticleBMC oral health2026
Panoramic radiographic analysis of primary tooth fusion and associated permanent successor anomalies in 2989 Chinese children: a retrospective epidemiological study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study investigated the clinical characteristics of primary tooth fusion, identified the most frequently involved sites, and examined fusion patterns associated with permanent successor agenesis to facilitate early clinical management.
methodsThis retrospective study analyzed 2989 panoramic radiographs of children aged 3-6 years in the primary dentition from Beijing Children's Hospital (January 2022-December 2023). Data on age, sex, fusion location, and successor outcomes were collected. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were applied.
resultsPrimary tooth fusion was identified in 2.98% (89/2989) of children. Among the 89 cases, the most common patterns were mandibular primary lateral incisor-canine (P-LI-C, 50.56%), mandibular primary central-lateral incisors (P-CI-LI, 29.21%), and maxillary P-CI-LI (20.22%). Unilateral involvement predominated (89.9%, p < 0.001), with no sex difference (p = 0.117). Among the 98 fused pairs, mandibular involvement was more frequent (78.57%, p < 0.001), with no left-right difference (p = 0.541). Successor agenesis occurred in 56.12% of pairs and varied by fusion pattern. Successor agenesis was significantly associated with maxillary P-CI-LI fusion (aOR = 38.85, 95% CI: 8.58-244.35) and mandibular P-LI-C fusion (aOR = 29.30, 95% CI: 7.96-149.87), compared to mandibular P-CI-LI fusion.
conclusionsPrimary tooth fusion prevalence was 2.98%, predominantly presenting unilaterally in the anterior mandible with no sex or laterality predilection. Maxillary P-CI-LI and mandibular P-LI-C fusion patterns were strongly associated with successor agenesis (aOR: 29-39), underscoring the need for early radiographic monitoring and intervention.
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