Racial and Ethnic Variations in Dental Care Utilization and Expenditures: Associations with Usual Source of Care and Foreign-Born Status.

This study examined racial, ethnic, and nativity-related disparities in dental care utilization and expenditures using 2017–2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data. We assessed whether having a usual source of care or being foreign-born moderated these disparities. Negative binomial and two-part models estimated adjusted outcomes, controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. Hispanic, Black American, and Asian American individuals had significantly lower dental care utilization than non-Hispanic White individuals, with the largest gaps among those without a usual source of care. Foreign-born individuals, particularly Hispanic and Asian immigrants, also had reduced utilization and did not consistently incur lower expenditures. Having a usual source of care was associated with higher utilization across all groups. These findings highlight the importance of routine care connections and access barriers. Strengthening access to continuous care may reduce disparities in dental utilization and financial burden for minority and immigrant populations.