Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41999297›Full record

ReviewAnnals of medicine2026

GLP-1 receptor agonists in stroke prevention: a narrative review on emerging therapeutic frontiers.

Rahul Chikatimalla, Ashka Shah, Twinkle Shah, Griffin Perry, Himanshi Banker, Kanishk Aggarwal, Rohit Jain

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Rahul ChikatimallaKamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, India.ORCID 0000-0003-2967-1425
Ashka ShahGMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, India.ORCID 0009-0004-6648-2396
Twinkle ShahGMERS Medical College, Valsad, India.ORCID 0009-0001-7143-2930
Griffin PerryDepartment of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-2716-6556
Himanshi BankerMaulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0009-0004-3824-1755
Kanishk AggarwalDayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.ORCID 0009-0005-7518-446X
Rohit JainDivision of Hospital Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9101-2351

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo evaluate the current evidence supporting the cerebrovascular protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to outline their mechanisms of action in stroke prevention.

methodsA narrative review was conducted by synthesising data from cardiovascular outcome trials, meta-analyses and mechanistic studies involving GLP-1RAs such as semaglutide, liraglutide and dulaglutide. The search included literature on ischaemic stroke incidence, molecular pathways and clinical outcomes associated with GLP-1RA therapy.

resultsGLP-1RAs exhibit multiple protective mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective and endothelial-stabilising effects. Long-acting agents demonstrate superior efficacy in reducing nonfatal and ischaemic stroke risk, with relative risk reductions ranging from 15% to 39% across major trials. These benefits are observed independent of glycemic control and appear most prominent in patients with preserved renal function and shorter diabetes duration. In contrast, short-acting exendin-based GLP-1RAs show limited cerebrovascular benefit. Treatment response may vary based on factors such as stroke subtype, baseline vascular risk and comorbidities.

conclusionGLP-1RAs offer significant promise as adjunctive pharmacotherapy for stroke prevention in individuals with T2DM. Their multifactorial benefits extend beyond glucose regulation and may influence clinical outcomes through systemic vascular and neuroprotective mechanisms. However, inconsistencies in trial outcomes and limited data in non-diabetic or high-risk populations underscore the need for targeted stroke-specific studies. Personalised treatment approaches and broader risk stratification may optimise their use in cerebrovascular disease management.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsStrokeGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like PeptidesHumansImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsLiraglutideRecombinant Fusion ProteinsSemaglutidedulaglutideGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like PeptidesHypoglycemic AgentsImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsLiraglutideRecombinant Fusion ProteinsSemaglutidecerebrovascular circulationglucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonistsneuroprotectionStroketype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41999297
PMCPMC13094292

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.