ArticleBMC ophthalmology2026
Analysis of macular microvasculature changes in human immunodeficiency virus infection using swept-source OCT angiography.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters and microvascular alterations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive patients, with and without clinically detectable HIV-related non-infectious retinal vasculopathy.
methodsThis comparative study included HIV-positive patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent multimodal retinal imaging, including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and macular OCTA. Quantitative OCTA parameters—parafoveal vessel density (VD) of the superficial (SCP-VD) and deep capillary plexuses (DCP-VD), as well as foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter, and circularity—were analyzed. Qualitative microvascular changes were also assessed.
resultsA total of 102 HIV-positive patients and 100 healthy controls were included. All six eyes with clinically detectable HIV retinopathy demonstrated perifoveal capillary abnormalities on OCTA. Among HIV-positive eyes without funduscopic or angiographic evidence of retinopathy, 72 eyes (75%) showed microvascular changes on en face OCTA. Mean SCP-VD and DCP-VD were significantly reduced in the HIV group compared to controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). FAZ was significantly larger and less circular in HIV-positive eyes (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that longer duration of HIV infection correlated significantly with OCTA vascular changes (p = 0.033).
conclusionOCTA enables early detection of subclinical retinal microvascular alterations in HIV-positive patients, even in the absence of clinically apparent retinopathy.
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