ArticleBMC geriatrics2026
Cognitive frailty and associated factors in older adults with type 2 diabetes in rural Vietnam.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCognitive frailty, defined as the co-occurrence of frailty and cognitive impairment in the absence of dementia, is a strong predictor of adverse health outcomes in older adults. However, evidence on cognitive frailty among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive frailty and its associated factors among older adults with T2DM in rural Vietnam.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among outpatients aged ≥ 60 years with T2DM at a provincial hospital in Phu Tho, Vietnam, from July to December 2024. Cognitive frailty was defined as the presence of both frailty (Fried phenotype) and cognitive impairment (Mini-Cog test score < 3) without dementia. Sociodemographic, clinical, diabetes-related, and geriatric variables were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with cognitive frailty.
resultsAmong 840 participants (mean age 73.4 ± 6.8 years; 56.8% female), the prevalence of cognitive frailty was 4.5%, while 9.4% had physical frailty alone. Cognitive frailty was independently associated with advanced age (OR = 1.1, 95%CI 1.07–1.2), functional dependence (OR = 9.2, 95%CI 4.3–19.9), depression symptoms (OR = 3.8, 95%CI 1.6–9.2), risk of malnutrition or malnutrition (OR = 4.8, 95%CI 1.4–16.7) and having HbA1c ≥ 9.0% (OR = 2.4, 95%CI 1.08–5.3). Affected individuals exhibited poorer glycaemic control, higher complication rates, greater risk of malnutrition, and more frequent depressive symptoms compared with non-frail participants.
conclusionCognitive frailty among older adults with T2DM in rural Vietnam was associated with age, functional dependence, depression symptoms, risk of malnutrition or malnutrition and poor glycaemic control, highlighting the need for routine frailty screening and multidomain interventions. Incorporating simple, low-cost assessment tools into diabetes care at primary and provincial levels could enable early detection and tailored management for this vulnerable population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.