Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41998263›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026

Rural Women Veterans' Experiences Receiving Women's Health Care at Veterans Health Administration.

Caroline Gray, Carla C Garcia, Rachel Golden, Aimee Sanders, Christine Kolehmainen, Lisa Hardman, Susan M Frayne, Nicole Grant

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Caroline GrayCenter for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA. caroline.gray@va.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-8987-6142
Carla C GarciaCenter for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Rachel GoldenCenter for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Aimee SandersU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Women's Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Christine KolehmainenU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Women's Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Lisa HardmanU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Women's Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Susan M FrayneCenter for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Nicole GrantU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Women's Health, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Funding

Office of Rural Health NOMAD PRFY-00379
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Veterans Health Administration (VHA) launched the Rural Women's Health Mini-Residency (WH-MR) program to improve primary care providers' knowledge and confidence in delivering sex-specific care. While prior evaluations have demonstrated increased provider competence, little is known about how women Veterans in rural settings experience care from WH-MR-trained clinicians.

objectiveTo explore rural women Veterans' experiences with women's health services provided by WH-MR-trained clinicians in VHA primary care settings.

designQualitative study using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis.

participantsRural women Veterans receiving primary care from VHA clinics supported by WH-MR-trained providers and nurses. MAIN MEASURES: Participant perceptions of satisfaction, access, provider expertise, and barriers related to women's health care in rural settings. KEY

resultsFour main themes emerged: (1) overall satisfaction with VHA women's health primary care, particularly with screening and follow-up services; (2) perception that women's health services were limited or unavailable within primary care; (3) concerns about primary care teams' ability to maintain women's health expertise in a historically male-focused system; and (4) challenges accessing care related to travel distance, transportation, and privacy concerns in rural communities. Despite providers' participation in the Rural WH-MR program, respondents described inconsistent availability of women's health services and limited awareness of available resources. Participants also questioned providers' experience with sensitive or low-frequency procedures, such as pelvic exams, due to lower patient volumes.

conclusionsAlthough the Rural WH-MR program enhances provider preparedness, women Veterans' experiences suggest gaps in access, communication, and visibility of women's health services in rural VHA primary care. Continued training, proactive outreach, and tailored support for rural clinics are needed to ensure equitable and consistent delivery of women's health care across the VHA system.

Indexed as

Rural PopulationUnited States Department of Veterans AffairsVeteransWomen's HealthWomen's Health ServicesAccess to Primary CareAdultAgedFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMiddle AgedPatient SatisfactionPrimary Health CareQualitative ResearchUnited Statesrural veteranswomen’s health care

Identifiers

PMID41998263
PMCPMC13569729

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.