ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2026
Post-operative tracheitis in the NICU: incidence and risk factors.
Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo describe the incidence and risk factors of tracheitis following tracheostomy placement in infants. STUDY
designWe performed a 14-year (2010-2023) retrospective cohort study of infants with a tracheostomy placed in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The primary outcome was tracheitis, defined by a combination of microbial, laboratory, or clinical evidence.
resultWe identified 152 infants with a tracheostomy, of which 80 (52.6%) had post-operative tracheitis based on the study definition. Sixty-four (80%) infants with post-operative tracheitis had a positive tracheal colonization prior to tracheostomy. After controlling for demographics and variables associated with tracheitis in univariable analysis, days of pre-operative antibiotic administration was identified as protective against tracheitis (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = [0.69, 0.93], p = 0.004) in a multivariable analysis.
conclusionThe incidence of tracheitis in this cohort of infants following tracheostomy placement was 52.6%. Obtaining pre-operative tracheal cultures and initiating prophylactic antibiotics if positive may help prevent post-operative tracheitis.
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