Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41997948›Full record

ReviewNPJ vaccines2026

Rational selection of antigenic targets for Group A Streptococcus vaccine: updates, challenges and opportunities.

Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Istvan Toth, Rachel Stephenson, Mariusz Skwarczynski

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in NPJ vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Melaku Ashagrie BeleteSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Istvan TothSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Rachel StephensonSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
Mariusz SkwarczynskiSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia. m.skwarczynski@uq.edu.au.

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council 2028090
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) remains a major global health challenge, causing over half a million deaths annually. Despite nearly a century of research, no licensed vaccine is currently available, due to antigenic diversity, complex host-pathogen interactions, risk of autoimmunity and lack of clear correlates of protection. This review discusses recent advances in GAS vaccine research, highlights key challenges and outlines criteria and emerging opportunities for antigen selection.

Identifiers

PMID41997948
PMCPMC13276383

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.