Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41997126›Full record

ReviewCell2026

A recipe for chaos: Extrachromosomal DNA and the hallmarks of cancer.

Ivy Tsz-Lo Wong, Chris Bailey, Sihan Wu, Anton G Henssen, Benjamin F Cravatt, Zhijian J Chen, Vineet Bafna, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Charlie Swanton, Howard Y Chang and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cell, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ivy Tsz-Lo WongDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Chris BaileyCancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
Sihan WuChildren's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Anton G HenssenMax Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Benjamin F CravattDepartment of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Zhijian J ChenDepartment of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Center for Inflammation Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Vineet BafnaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Mariam Jamal-HanjaniCancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
Charlie SwantonCancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
Howard Y ChangRNA Medicine Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Departments of Dermatology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: howchang@stanford.edu.
Paul S MischelDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: pmischel@stanford.edu.

Funding

eDyNAmiC - STANFORDOT2CA278688 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI PAUL S MISCHEL · 2022 to 2026
$7.7M
Software and algorithms for elucidating the structure, function, and evolution of extrachromosomal DNAU24CA264379 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BAFNA, VINEET, MESIROV, JILL P. · 2021 to 2025
$3.5M
eDyNAmiC - UCSDOT2CA278635 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Vineet Bafna · 2022 to 2026
$1.8M
NCI NIH HHS OT2 CA278635NCI NIH HHS OT2 CA278688NCI NIH HHS U24 CA264379
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Some aggressive cancers exhibit a level of rapid genome change and therapy resistance that is difficult to explain. Research over the past decade has shown that extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) can be the cause. When oncogenic genetic elements untether from chromosomes and no longer follow Mendelian inheritance, genomic chaos and accelerated evolution ensue, generating unique ecDNA biology and non-traditional therapeutic vulnerabilities distinct from traditional mutation-targeting approaches. Here, we put forward a holistic view where ecDNA is integrated into the broader Hallmarks of Cancer framework to better understand the problem and chart a path forward.

Indexed as

Extrachromosomal DNANeoplasmsAnimalsHumansExtrachromosomal DNA

Identifiers

PMID41997126
PMCPMC13094713

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.