Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41997045›Full record

ArticleTranslational oncology2026

CD3 and PD-L1 tissue expression have synergistic value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis.

Adrian V Witzleben, Romain Remark, Christian Idel, Julika Ribbat-Idel, Rosemarie Krupar, Andreas Schröck, Niklas Klümper, Johannes Doescher, Andrew G Sikora, Tsima Abou Kors and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Translational oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Adrian V WitzlebenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Romain RemarkDepartment of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, NY, USA.
Christian IdelDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
Julika Ribbat-IdelInstitute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
Rosemarie KruparInstitute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
Andreas SchröckDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Germany.
Niklas KlümperDepartment of Urology, Universitätsklinik Bonn, Germany.
Johannes DoescherDepartment of Otolaryngology, Augsburg University Hospital, Augsburg, Germany.
Andrew G SikoraDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
Tsima Abou KorsDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Julius M VahlDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Matthias BrandDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Michael SonntagDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Cornelia BrunnerDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Thomas K HoffmannDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
Sven PernerDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
Sacha GnjaticDepartment of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, NY, USA.
Simon LabanDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany; PATHORA Institut für Pathologie und Gewebsmedizin, Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany. Electronic address: simon.laban@uniklinik-ulm.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionT cell infiltrates, particularly CD3 MATERIALS AND

methodsA tissue microarray of 458 HNSCC primary tumor samples was analyzed for CD3 and PD-L1 expression using multiplex immunohistochemistry. CD3 densities were quantified using digital image analysis (QuPath), and PD-L1 expression was categorized by the Combined Positive Score (CPS). Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated and compared across different expression profiles using the Kaplan-Meier method followed by a multivariate cox regression analysis.

resultsCD3

conclusionThe combined assessment of CD3 density and PD-L1 expression outperforms either marker alone in predicting survival outcomes in surgically treated patients without immunotherapy. CD3

Indexed as

CD3HNSCCPD-L1T cellsTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41997045
PMCPMC13101706

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.