Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41996385›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

AI literacy among basic school teachers in Ghana: A structural equation modelling analysis.

Valentina Arkorful, Francis Arthur, Ernest Opoku, Ayishatu Ameen, Iddrisu Salifu, Sharon Abam Nortey, Solomon Adjatey Tetteh

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Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Valentina ArkorfulCollege of Distance Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Francis ArthurDepartment of Business and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-6563
Ernest OpokuInstitute of Education, School of Educational Development and Outreach, College of Education Studies, Ghana.
Ayishatu AmeenDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Iddrisu SalifuCentre for Coastal Management- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Sharon Abam NorteyDepartment of Business and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Solomon Adjatey TettehDepartment of Business and Social Sciences Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the synergy of Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy among teachers is imperative for successful integration in educational settings. This study examined basic school teachers' (BSTs) AI literacy based on four key aspects: AI knowledge and understanding (KUAI), AI application (AAI), AI application evaluation (EAIA), and AI ethics (AIE). The study employed a cross-sectional survey design and purposive sampling to collect data from 319 BSTs in Ghana. A variance-based structural equation modelling (VB-SEM) approach was used to explore the relationships between these dimensions and provide insights into their interrelationships. The study found that AAI positively influenced KUAI, EAIA, and AIE. However, AIE did not significantly influence KUAI and EAAI. In addition, KUAI did not influence EAIA. The findings contribute to understanding the current state of AI literacy among BSTs in Ghana and highlight areas for improvement in AI education and professional development programmes.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceLiteracySchool TeachersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGhanaHumansLatent Class AnalysisSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID41996385
PMCPMC13089716

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.