Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41996368›Full record

ReviewEuropean heart journal2026

Thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.

Heba Alwan, Ola Hysaj, Baris Gencer, Leonidas Duntas, Nicolas Rodondi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European heart journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Heba AlwanInstitute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-5516-6022
Ola HysajInstitute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-5669-0210
Baris GencerInstitute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8954-9694
Leonidas DuntasThyroid Section, Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evgenideion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-9133-4089
Nicolas RodondiInstitute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9083-6896

Funding

Swiss National Science Foundation 320030-231242Swiss National Science Foundation PZ00P3_216128Swiss National Science Foundation SNSF 320033-200606
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating the cardiovascular system. Thyroid dysfunction, which encompasses hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, is relatively common and has been linked to a range of cardiovascular manifestations, including dyslipidaemia, abnormal blood pressure regulation, endothelial dysfunction, impaired cardiac function, and arrhythmias. The effects of levothyroxine replacement therapy on cardiovascular endpoints in subclinical hypothyroidism remain uncertain. The largest randomized controlled trial (TRUST) to date was underpowered to assess cardiovascular outcomes, although the results demonstrated a pattern towards a beneficial effect of levothyroxine. The aim of this review was to provide a summary of current knowledge on the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular health, with a focus on molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Evidence from recent omics and Mendelian randomization studies is discussed, alongside an overview of the epidemiology of thyroid diseases and the impact of levothyroxine treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesThyroid DiseasesHeart Disease Risk FactorsHormone Replacement TherapyHumansHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismThyroid HormonesThyroxineThyroid HormonesThyroxineCardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular riskLevothyroxineSubclinical thyroid dysfunctionThyroid dysfunction

Identifiers

PMID41996368
PMCPMC13225879

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.