ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2026
An inhalable dry powder co-delivery system of ciprofloxacin liposomes and S-nitrosoglutathione for synergistic treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-associated pulmonary infections.
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) biofilm-associated chronic lung infections pose a significant therapeutic challenge due to the limited penetration and efficacy of conventional antibiotics. In this study, we developed an innovative dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation co-loading ciprofloxacin-encapsulated liposomes (CIP-Lips) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) using an ultrasonic spray-freeze-drying (USFD) technique. GSNO, a nitric oxide (NO) donor, promotes biofilm dispersion and induces bacterial phenotypic switching, thereby enhancing the accessibility of CIP-Lips to biofilm-embedded bacteria. Subsequently, CIP released from the liposomes exerts direct antibacterial activity. The combination of CIP-Lips and GSNO produces a synergistic "biofilm-disrupting and bactericidal" therapeutic effect, leading to effective biofilm eradication. The optimized DPI formulation exhibited satisfactory in vitro aerosol performance, with a fine particle fraction of 36.51 ± 0.49%, ensuring efficient lung deposition. In vitro evaluations further confirmed pronounced biofilm disruption and bactericidal efficacy. Furthermore, in a murine model of chronic pulmonary infection, the CIP-Lips/GSNO DPI significantly reduced the bacterial burden without observable systemic toxicity. This inhalable system represents a promising strategy for the treatment of PA biofilm-associated lung infections.
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