ArticleClinical and experimental nephrology2026
Seasonal variation of salt intake in patients with chronic kidney disease correlates with that of systolic blood pressure in males in summer.
Article in Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBlood pressure (BP) displays a higher seasonal variation in winter than in summer. However, evidence of seasonal variations in salt intake is limited. No study has evaluated the same individuals over time using daily urine collection. Further, there are no reports that demonstrates the relationship between BP and salt intake by sex on a seasonal basis.
methodsThis study included 168 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (mean 62.1 years, 93 males) over a 1-year period. We analyzed the seasonal variation between summer and winter in 147 patients with CKD for whom both summer and winter data were available. In addition, we evaluated 90 patients separately who were not taking medications that impact urinary sodium excretion.
resultsIn 147 patients, body weight, body mass index (BMI), BP, choline esterase (ChE), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and salt intake were higher in winter in males, whereas only BP, albumin, ChE and LDL cholesterol were higher in winter in females. In the multiple regression analyses, systolic BP significantly and positively correlated with salt intake in males and this trend was more pronounced in summer. Contrarily, females did not show a correlation between systolic BP and salt intake in both summer and winter. Moreover, the 90 patients who were not taking medications that impact sodium excretion showed a similar relationship between systolic BP and salt intake.
conclusionSalt intake in patients with CKD was higher in winter. Furthermore, the correlation between systolic BP and salt intake was particularly pronounced in males in summer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41996034What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.